Avian flu, also called bird flu, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys. The virus spreads quickly among birds through saliva, droppings, feathers, or contaminated surfaces. Infected flocks can become sick or die rapidly, which can cause serious economic losses for farmers and disrupt the food supply.

While poultry are the most commonly affected, other livestock such as cattle can also be exposed indirectly through contact with infected wild birds, contaminated water, feed, or equipment. Mixed-species farms face a higher risk of cross-contamination, making biosecurity measures essential to protect all animals on the farm.

Humans living on farms or in rural areas may be exposed when handling infected birds, cleaning coops, or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces. Children, elderly family members, and individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable. Practicing safe handling, wearing protective gear, and keeping work areas clean are crucial for minimizing risk.

Preventing avian flu starts with keeping wild birds away from domestic animals. Covering feed, securing water sources, using bird-proof fencing, and maintaining clean housing can all reduce exposure. By controlling wild bird contact and following strong biosecurity practices across all animals, farmers and families can protect their livestock, their livelihoods, and their communities.